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Please consult Undergraduate Courses section for full list of prerequisites.
ECON 405. Natural Resource Economics.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Topics include: Malthusian and Ricardian Scarcity; optimal depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources; exploration, risk and industry structure, and current resources, rent and taxation. Current public policies applied to the resource industries, particularly those of a regulatory nature.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250
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ECON 405. Natural Resource Economics.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 405 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 406. Topics in Economic Policy.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Selected policy issues are investigated using economic theory. For details on topics covered in the current year, consult the instructor.
- Prerequisites: ECON 230 or ECON 250 and one of ECON 227, ECON 257
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 406. Topics in Economic Policy.
Description
- Prerequisites: ECON 230 or ECON 250 and one of ECON 227, ECON 257
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ECON 406 Outline (Winter 2024)听
听
ECON 408. Public Sector Economics 1.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Fall 2025View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Theoretical and empirical economic analysis of the public sector with an emphasis on public goods and government spending. Study of Canadian institutions in international perspective.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230D1/D2 or 250D1/D2 or permission of the instructor.
- Not open to students who have already completed ECON 408D1/D2.
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ECON 408. Public Sector Economics 1.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230D1/D2 or 250D1/D2 or permission of the instructor.
- Not open to students who have already completed ECON 408D1/D2.
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听
ECON 409. Public Sector Economics 2.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Theoretical and empirical economic analysis of the public sector with an emphasis on taxation. Study of Canadian institutions in international perspective.
- Prerequisite: ECON 408 or permission of the instructor
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 408D1/D2
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 409. Public Sector Economics 2.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 408 or permission of the instructor
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 408D1/D2
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ECON 409 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 411. Economic Development: A World Area.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)
This course is not offered this catalogue year.
Description
An advanced course in the economic development of a pre-designated underdeveloped country or a group of countries.
- Prerequisites: ECON 230 or ECON 250 and one semester of economic development
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ECON 411. Economic Development: A World Area.
Description
- Prerequisites: ECON 230 or ECON 250 and one semester of economic development
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听
ECON 416. Topics in Economic Development 2.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
This course gives students a broad overview of the economics of developing countries. The course covers micro and macro topics, with particular emphasis on the economic analysis at the micro level.
- Prerequisite(s): ECON 230 or ECON 250 and ECON 227D1/D2 or equivalent, or permission of the instructor.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 416. Topics in Economic Development 2.
Description
- Prerequisite(s): ECON 230 or ECON 250 and ECON 227D1/D2 or equivalent, or permission of the instructor.
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ECON 416 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 420. Topics in Economic Theory.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Fall 2025View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
The course discusses selected topics in micro or macroeconomic theory at an advanced level. Possible topics include welfare economics, general equilibrium, theories of firms, consumer behaviour, intertemporal choice, uncertainty, game theory, etc.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250
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ECON 420. Topics in Economic Theory.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250
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ECON 420 Outline (Fall 2024)听
ECON 420 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 423. International Trade.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Fall 2025View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
A review of the theory and policy of international trade. Topics examined include: classical and modern theories of trade; tariffs; labour and capital mobility; trade and development; the WTO.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230D1/D2 or ECON 250D1/D2
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 423D1/D2
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ECON 423. International Trade.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230D1/D2 or ECON 250D1/D2
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 423D1/D2
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听
ECON 424. International Payments.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
A review of the theory and policy of international financial relations. Topics examined include: the balance of payments; exchange rates; global capital markets; the international monetary system.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230D1/D2 or ECON 250D1/D2
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 423D1/D2
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 424. International Payments.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230D1/D2 or ECON 250D1/D2
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 423D1/D2
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ECON 424 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 426. Labour Economics.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
The determinants of labour supply, demand and the structure of earnings are considered. The economic effects of government policies, such as minimum wage laws, unemployment insurance, welfare and training programs and subsidies to higher education are analyzed. A rigorous theoretical and "hands on'' empirical approach is emphasized.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230D1/D2 or ECON 250D1/D2 or ECON 306D1/D2.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 426. Labour Economics.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230D1/D2 or ECON 250D1/D2 or ECON 306D1/D2.
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ECON 426 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 430. The Economics of Well-Being.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Fall 2025View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Definition, measurement, and determinants of subjective well-being and their implications for policy, growth, and the environment.
- Prerequisites: ECON 230D1/D2 or ECON 250D1/D2; ECON 227D1/D2 or ECON 257D1/D2 or equivalent; MATH 122 or MATH 139 or MATH 140 or MATH 150 or permission of instructor.
- Restrictions: ECON 430 is not open to students who have taken or are taking ENVR 430.
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ECON 430. The Economics of Well-Being.
Description
- Prerequisites: ECON 230D1/D2 or ECON 250D1/D2; ECON 227D1/D2 or ECON 257D1/D2 or equivalent; MATH 122 or MATH 139 or MATH 140 or MATH 150 or permission of instructor.
- Restrictions: ECON 430 is not open to students who have taken or are taking ENVR 430.
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听
ECON 434. Current Economic Problems.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Fall 2025View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
A discussion of contemporary economic problems. Topics will reflect economic issues of current interest.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250.
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ECON 434. Current Economic Problems.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
听
ECON 437. Methods for Causal Inference.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Foundations for empirical methods in causal inference in empirical economics. Standard Ordinary Least Squares model and its limitations, counterfactual analysis, including randomized experiments, instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity.
- Prerequisite(s): ECON 337, ECON 338
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ECON 437. Methods for Causal Inference.
Description
- Prerequisite(s): ECON 337, ECON 338
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ECON 437 Outline (Winter 2026)听
听
ECON 440. Health Economics.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Fall 2025View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
The organization and performance of Canada's health care system are examined from an economist's perspective. The system is described and its special features analyzed. Much attention is given to the role of government in the system and to financing arrangements for hospital and medical services. Current financial problems are discussed.
- Prerequisites: ECON 208 and ECON 227 or comparable courses or consent of the instructor
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ECON 440. Health Economics.
Description
- Prerequisites: ECON 208 and ECON 227 or comparable courses or consent of the instructor
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ECON 440 Outline (Winter 2023)听
听
ECON 447. Economics of Information and Uncertainty.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
This course considers how uncertainty can be incorporated into the standard model of consumer and producer choice central to explaining or analysing a number of different economic phenomena. Topics include the information approach to explaining unemployment and problems in controlling health care costs.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250
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ECON 447. Economics of Information and Uncertainty.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250
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ECON 447 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 450. Advanced Economic Theory 1 - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Selected topics in economic theory from recent periodical and monograph literature.
- Prerequisites: ECON 250D1/ECON 250D2 and ECON 352D1/ECON 352D2
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken ECON 450D1 and ECON 450D2.
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ECON 450. Advanced Economic Theory 1 - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisites: ECON 250D1/ECON 250D2 and ECON 352D1/ECON 352D2
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken ECON 450D1 and ECON 450D2.
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ECON 450 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 452. Advanced Economic Theory 2 - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Fall 2025View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Selected topics in economic theory from recent periodical and monograph literature.
- Prerequisites: ECON 250D1/ECON 250D2 and ECON 352D1/ECON 352D2
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken ECON 450D1 and ECON 450D2.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 452. Advanced Economic Theory 2 - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisites: ECON 250D1/ECON 250D2 and ECON 352D1/ECON 352D2
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken ECON 450D1 and ECON 450D2.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
听
ECON 453. International Trade - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)
This course is not offered this catalogue year.
Description
Economic theories (classical and 'new trade theories') that analyze the impact of trade between nations are presented. In addition to the economic analysis of trade policies other topics such as trade in cultural goods, multilateral trade agreements, free trade and the environment may be covered.
- Prerequisite: ECON 250D1/D2
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 453D1/D2.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 453. International Trade - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 250D1/D2
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 453D1/D2.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
听
ECON 454. Open Economy Macroeconomics - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)
This course is not offered this catalogue year.
Description
This course examines major theoretical and policy issues in open-economy macroeconomics. Topics include exchange rate adjustments, currency crises, the current accounts, global imbalance, and related issues. Empirical studies will also be discussed.
- Prerequisite: ECON 250D1/D2
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 453D1/D2.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 454. Open Economy Macroeconomics - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 250D1/D2
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 453D1/D2.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 454 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 459. Topics in Monetary Economics - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
An advanced treatment of selected topics in monetary economics, including the theory and practice of monetary policy.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250, and knowledge of calculus.
- Restriction: For Honours in Economics
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 458
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 459. Topics in Monetary Economics - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250, and knowledge of calculus.
- Restriction: For Honours in Economics
- Restriction: Not open to students who have taken ECON 458
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
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ECON 460. History of Thought 1 - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
The evolution of economic thought prior to the close of the 19th century, as reflected in the writings of prominent economists from the time of Adam Smith to the emergence of marginalism and neoclassical economics.
- Prerequisite: ECON 250
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ECON 460. History of Thought 1 - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 250
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ECON 460 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 461. History of Thought 2 - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)
This course is not offered this catalogue year.
Description
The evolution of economic thought in the 20th century, as reflected in the writings of prominent economists on equilibrium, dynamics, games, expectations, econometrics, industrial structure, economic policy and other primary areas of interest.
- Prerequisite: ECON 250.
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ECON 461. History of Thought 2 - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 250.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 461 Outline (Winter 2022)听
听
ECON 462. Seminar in Economic History.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
In this course economic theory is explicitly employed to elucidate issues in economic history. The topics will be announced at the beginning of the academic year.
- Prerequisites: either ECON 227 or ECON 257, and either ECON 330 or ECON 352
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken ECON 451 before fall 2014.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 462. Seminar in Economic History.
Description
- Prerequisites: either ECON 227 or ECON 257, and either ECON 330 or ECON 352
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken ECON 451 before fall 2014.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
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ECON 468. Econometrics 1 - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Fall 2025View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
The statistical basis of econometric modelling and treatment of the linear regression model; simple time series models; procedures for inference in linear cases; an introduction to methods for dealing with endogeneity and non-constant variance.
- Prerequisite(s): ECON 257D1/D2 or permission of the instructor.
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken or are taking ECON 467D1/D2
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 468. Econometrics 1 - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisite(s): ECON 257D1/D2 or permission of the instructor.
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken or are taking ECON 467D1/D2
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
听
ECON 469. Econometrics 2 - Honours.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Treatment of asymptotic theory and classical inferential procedures, an introduction to the bootstrap, maximum likelihood, non-linear models, mis-specification testing, non-stationarity and limited dependent
variable models.
- Prerequisite: ECON 468
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken or are taking ECON 467D1/D2
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 469. Econometrics 2 - Honours.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 468
- Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken or are taking ECON 467D1/D2
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 469 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 473. Income Distribution.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Winter 2026View offerings for in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
Economics of income and wealth distribution, and the study of inequality. The dynamics of income, saving and wealth and their determinants. Macroeconomic implications. Effects of fiscal and redistributive programmes. The role of unemployment.
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250; ECON 227 or ECON 257 or equivalent; Calculus 1 and 2.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.
ECON 473. Income Distribution.
Description
- Prerequisite: ECON 230 or ECON 250; ECON 227 or ECON 257 or equivalent; Calculus 1 and 2.
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ECON 473 Outline (Winter 2025)听
听
ECON 480. Research Project 1.
Credits: 3Offered by: Economics (Faculty of Arts)Terms offered: Summer 2025, Fall 2025, Winter 2026View offerings for or or in Visual Schedule Builder.
Description
In this course students must undertake a research project under close supervision. They must also do such special reading and research as their advisers direct.
- Restrictions: Open only to U3 students.
- A minimum average GPA of 3.15 is required in ECON 250D/230D, ECON 332, ECON 333, ECON 353, ECON 354 and ECON 257D/227D as well as in all economics courses. Students must complete a Research Project Registration Form, have it signed by the professor who has agreed to supervise the research project, countersigned by the Director of the Undergraduate Program in Economics, and submit it to the Economics Department Office prior toregistering in this course.
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ECON 480. Research Project 1.
Description
- Restrictions: Open only to U3 students.
- A minimum average GPA of 3.15 is required in ECON 250D/230D, ECON 332, ECON 333, ECON 353, ECON 354 and ECON 257D/227D as well as in all economics courses. Students must complete a Research Project Registration Form, have it signed by the professor who has agreed to supervise the research project, countersigned by the Director of the Undergraduate Program in Economics, and submit it to the Economics Department Office prior toregistering in this course.
Most students use Visual Schedule Builder (VSB) to organize their schedules. VSB helps you plan class schedules, travel time, and more.